Reducing Geoeconomic Vulnerability under External Constraint Regimes
Pakistan’s economic architecture is increasingly shaped by an external constraint regime that operates through overlapping mechanisms of tariff modulation, conditional liquidity provisioning, and supply chain reconfiguration led by advanced economies. Within this evolving geoeconomic order, sovereignty is no longer defined by formal autonomy
Sanctity, Science, and Sovereignty in a Fragmented World
In the contemporary epoch, the question of what constitutes the “natural” has ceased to be a stable ontological category and has instead become a contested epistemic terrain where biology, governance, and technological intervention co-produce new regimes of truth. The emergence of biotechnology as
The New Non-Aligned Moment and Pakistan Strategic Positioning Dilemma
The contemporary international system is witnessing the gradual emergence of what may be described as a new nonaligned moment, although it bears little resemblance to the Cold War era Non Aligned Movement that was anchored in ideological coherence and post-colonial solidarity. The present